Open redirects that help hackers perform phishing-like attacks: This is an ability to redirect you in an arbitrary way from the link to your crypto exchange.You do not see anything and can not prevent it in any way. A malicious Javascript that gets to the page due to this vulnerability simply substitutes the withdrawal wallet address right before you withdraw funds. There is a myth that two-factor authentication (2FA), such as Google Authenticator or SMS code, saves from such vulnerabilities, but in fact, it does not. The reason for this is an ability to inject malicious JS/HTML code to the web page generated by vulnerable servers. XSS: Cross Site Scripting (aka XSS), which is the most popular client-side vulnerability, allows attackers to use your browsers as their own.In my experience, the most critical security problems for crypto exchanges are split into the following buckets: All the usual application aspects such as frontend JS, mobile app, terminals and other clients on the client side and APIs and data repositories on the back end need to be protected. As a centralized web application with functions to execute transactions and one or a few big crypto wallets inside, exchanges are prone to the same security problems as all other websites. Any crypto exchange is a centralized single point of failure, vulnerable by design. Now that we've described why exchanges are the most attractive targets for hackers in the crypto world, it’s a good time to understand why they're hackable.
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